Milling machine



March 26, 19.35. w. FERRIS Er AL MILLING MACHIN E Filed June 18. 1926 l2 Sheets-Sheet 1 w wNpMMm .Mmmm/A @wmf w Marcl 26, 1935.

W. FERRIS AL 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY 1 H @w H H NM, Mmmm n um, mb l. ill m. .w mn. .9M /w March 26, 1935. w. FERRIS ET AL MILLING MACHINE l2 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jun@ 18. 192

INVENTURS: WALTER FEHRIS TUHN P.FERR|S WALT EF1 MIEKELSDN ATTR'NEY.

March 26, 1935. w. FERRls x-:T AL

MILLING MACHINE Filed ...Tune 18 1926 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 l NVE NTORS WAL rf/a Fase/S ./off/v /QFaee/J BY WAL rfzM/@Afl-SOM A TT OR M EY March 26, 1935.

w FERRls Er AL 1,995,638

MILLING MACHINE Filed June 18. 1926 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORNEY W. FE'RRIS ET AL MILLING MACHINE March 26, 1935.

Filed June 1a. 192s 12 sheets-sheet v March" 26, 1935. w. FERRls ET AL 1,995,538

Y MILLING MACHINE Filed Jungla. 192e 12 sheets-sheet s lll/111,17," l 88 .96 l

ATTORNEY Mrch 26, 1935. wl FERRIS ET AL 1,995,638

I MILLING MACHINE' Filed June 18, 192e 12 sheets-sheet s ATroR'N E1 March 26,1935.

W. FERRIS ET AL MILLING MACHINE Filed June 18. 1926 12 sheets-sheet 1o Fig-25- mvEN'roRs Wurf/r remis Jbfm Pff/rms BY WM rm /l/cm son' ATTORNEY March 26, 1935. w. FERRIs ET AL 1,995,638-

4 MILLING MACHINE Filed June 18. 1926 l2 Sheets-Sheet 1l 553' I l 55K* E L nu nvenll'ow WALTER FEHRIS, VRT/DIAN P FERRIS. A A

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MIVLLING MACHINE Filed June 18. 1926 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 WALTER ITERHIS IDHN P FEHFUS WALTERMIBKELSUN.

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Patented i Mar. 26; 1935' um mi sor-.

Walter Ferris, John l?. Ferris, and Walter Mickelson, waukee, Wis.,assignors to The Oilg Company, Milwaukee, Wie...A a common o Wisconsin Application .time 18, 1926,'-Serial No. lltill 'This invention relates to hydraulic transmissions for driving machine tools such as milling machines and the like.

In milling machines heretoforeldesigned the 5 table is driven lengthwise only. Although provi-k sion is ordinarily made for adiusting the table vertically and laterally to align the work and tools, and in some instances for dropping the table slightly after a'feeding stroke to provide l clearance for a return stroke, the only available feed motion is in a direction lengthwise' of the table. Such' machines are therefore limited in use to those operations in 'which the cut prograsses lengthwise of the table. VFurthermore such machines are not adapted for operations in which lugs or projections on the work pieces render the faces to be machined inaccessible by table movements in a single plane only.

'I'his invention has as an object to provide a machine tool with ahydraulic transmimion by means of which a table or carriage of the machine tool may be given two distinct movements in dierent directions with an 4accurate control of the rates of movement and distances traveled by the table y 25.. inboth directions.

o1' the machine may be advanced rapidly step by step to different positions and accurately v retained in each of those positions while the work is being operated upon by the tool.

Another object of thepresent invention is the provision in a milling machine of means for ef- 4 fecting and accurately controllable feed movement in a direction other than and in addition to the usual lengthwise movement. 'Ihe line or cut may thus extend in either of two directions, so that the field of use is extendedv beyond the limi- I tations heretofore imposed. 'I'his two-directional 40 -tee'd movement is particularly useful in these operations where lugs or projections on the work would otherwise interfere with the ordinary table movements.

Another object is the provision of mechanism for automatically effecting intermittent and'posi tively positioned advances of a driven member through accurately predetermined distances in one direction and for automatically feeding and retracting the member in another directionv at regulated' speeds between successive advances. When applied to the table of amilling machine the table may be advanced lengthwise into successive accurately determined positions with respect to: the tool. and fed' toward arid from the tool at accurately regulated speeds in each posi- (GL lill-gi) tion. 'When -so applied, each advance is prefer ably performed at relatively high. speed, each feed movement toward the tool preferably at a speed which may be reduced during such movement to a moderate or low speed appropriate for a cutting feed, and each movement of the table from the tool preferably at high speed. All movement of the table necessary to align the work and tool .may thus be quickly and accurately perfoed,

and the rate of movement during the cut accul@ l rately regulated to that most appropriate for the particular cut.

Another object is the provision ina drive of the character mentioned of means for predetew ing with extreme accuracy the distance traveled lli by the driven member in both directions of movement. 1"

Another `object is the provision of hydraulic means for driving work tables and the like in dif feret directions at controlled rates and through 2li exact distances.

Another object is the provision of means adjustable at will to permit the table to be driven /either by hand or by power.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following description of an illustrative embodiment ot the present invention.

In the drawings:-

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a milling machine, equipped with a hydraulic drive constructed in 3o accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation.

lFig. 3 is atop plan view with the cutter spindle broken away.

Fig. i is a diagram of the hydraulic circuit eme ployed in the machine.

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional views oi' a valve, il ylustrating two positions thereof. A l Flc. 'I is a view oi` the end of the valve.

Figli -is a sectional view of a vertical feed cyl- 4c inder. v A l Fig. 9 is a detailed view of the main control mechanism.

gig. 10 is a sectional view Figure 9.

Fig. 1i is a detail view taken substan along the lineli--ii of Figure 14.

Fig. 12 is a detail view of the horizontal cam on the line icl0 of control cam.

Figs. i4 to 19 are views of the pilot valve with its associated control mechanism, illustrating the' various positions of the parts thereof at succes sive stages of .an operating cycle.

li3 is ai detail view o'f the vertical control 50 etv Fig. 2@ is elevation of the left end of the work carriage, with gear case cover removed as indicated by the line 20-20 of Figure 21.

Fig. 21 is a horizontal section on the line 21-21 ci Figure 2G.

Fig. 22 is a vertical section on the line 22-22 of Figure 20.

Fig. 23 is a fragmentary view in liront elevation of the machine, illustrating its adaptation to work of a different character.

Figs. 24 and 25 are face views of the cams employed for this particular operation.

Fig. 26 is a vertical sectional view of the pumpl shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 27 is a horizontal sectional view taken upon the line 27-27 of Fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is a diagrammatic illustration of the hydraulic connections within the pump housing.

Figs. 29, 30, and 31 are sectional views of a rotary valve included in Fig. 28, illustrating other characteristic positions thereof.

The milling machine selected for illustration comprises the usual'upright frame 10, mounted upon the base 11, and supporting the over-arm i2. A milling cutter 13 is shown on the drive shaft 14, projecting from the frame 10, and supported by the usual bracket l depending from the over-arm 12 in the customary manner. A linee 16, rguided in vertical ways 17 on the front face of the upright frame, supports the usual saddle 18, which is mounted on ways 19, for adjustment toward and from the upright frame. The saddle 18 supports the table 20 mounted in the usual manner for lengthwise travel thereon beneath the cutter 13.

`vThe knee [16 issupported by the usual screw 21-','(Figs. 1, 4 and 8) telescoping in a screw 22, which in this instance is threaded through a sleeve 23, tted in and supported by the upper end of a plunger 24. 'I'he sleeve 23 is held against rotation by an arm 25, extending laterally theretrom, and forked to slidably engage an upright guide rod 26 anchored in the upper end head of a cylinder 27. The cylinder 27 is mounted upon the base 11 and a piston 28, formed on the lower end of plunger 24,- is closely fitted for vertical reciprocation within the cylinder. The piston 28 is actuated .and controlled hydraulically by mechanism to be hereinafter described, `so as to raise and lower the knee 16, and consequently the table 20, toward and from the cutter 13.

Lengthwise movement of the table upon the saddle 18 is eifected hydraulically by a piston 29, (see Fig. 4) closely fitted for reciprocation in a cylinder 30, fixed to the saddle 18. The piston 29 is connected through rods 31 with appropriate brackets 32 fixed to and depending from the opposite ends of the table 20.

Provision is also made for operating the table by hand. Mechanism for this purpose is shown in Figures 20, 21 and 22. This mechanism incddes a screw 33 journalled at one end in the bracket 32 at the left end of the table. rhis screw is retained against longitudinal movement the bracket 32 by means of end thrust bearings 34 and 35. The screw is threaded thru a portion of the saddle 18 so that rotation of the screw in either direction will result in endwise movement of the table with respect to the saddle. The angular pitch or the threads ci' the screw are such that the screw is not Seli-locking, thatis, the screw will rotate freely upon endwise movement of the table in either direction.

The screw 33 is operated by a gear 36, iliied thereto and meshing with a pinion 37 rotatable upon a stud 33 fixed in the bracket. A gear 39 is keyed or otherwise fixed to the hub of the pinion 37 so as to rotate therewith. A spindle 40 journalled in the bracket 32, and lengthwise movable therein, carries a pinion 41 adapted to mesh with the gear 39. A spring 42 yieldably maintains the spindle 40 in the full line position shown in Figure 21, so that pinion 41 is normally out of mesh with gear 39. By forcing the spindie inwardly, however, against the resistance of the spring 42, pinion 41 may be thrown into engagement with the gear 39. The spindle carries an appropriate operating handle 43. In the normai outward position of the spindle 40, such as shown in full lines in Figure 2l, the screw is free to turn, during lengthwise movement of the table 20, under the action of the piston 29, and by thrusting the spindle and pinion 41 inwardly the screw may be placed under the control of the handle 43 and the table 20 adjusted lengthwise by the operator.

1n the machine shown the piston 29 is actuated by liquid delivered into one end or the other of the cylinder from an appropriate pump. A pump unit which may be employed is indicated diagrammatically at 44 in Figs. 2 and 4, has some of its details shown in Figs. 26 to 31 and is fully illustrated and described in Patent No. 1,854,127

issued to Walter Ferris on application Serial No.

87,791, filed February 12, 1926. This pump unit 44 is driven at substantially constant speed thru a pulley 45, and is capable of delivering liquid at controlled variable rates thru either a pipe 48 or a pipe 47. The direction and rate of flow of liquid discharged by pressure fluid supplied thru the pump is controlled by pipes 48, 49, 50 and 51 (Figs. 4 and 27), and pressure is maintained under all conditions of operation in a pipe 52 (Figs. 4 and 28) leading from the pump unit.

The pump unit 44 includes a gear pump 300 of relatively large capacity, contained within an auxiliary housing 301 immersed within a sump 302 formed in the base of the pump housing. 'Ihe gear pump is driven at constant speed from the pulley 45 through shafts 303 and 304 and a shaft 305 connected with one of the gears thereof drives a variable displacement pump 306 of a well known type and of relatively small capacity, disposed in the upper part of the housing. The displacement of pump 306 is regulated and controlled by a horizontal arm 307 mounted to swing about a post 308 rigidly mounted within the housing. The intake and discharge sides of the pump 307 are permanently connected to the pipes 47 and 46, respectively, through appropriate connections 309 and 310. The arm 307 is urged by a spring 311 in such direction as to yieldably maintain a stop 312, carried thereby, against a stationary stop 313, in which position the displacement of pump 306 is zero there is no 110W in pipes 309 and 310. Two plungers 314 and 315 are independently operable to force the arm 307 different distances away from the stop 313 to thereby cause the pump 306 to deliver liquid at either of two rates into the connection 310. The plungers 314 and 315 are tted in cylinders 316 and 317, respectively, formed in the pump housing, and connected with the control pipes 59 and 51, respectively. Appropriate ad- :instable stops 318 and 319 limit the strokes of the plungers 314 and 315 and thus serve to predetennine the extent of movement of arm 307, and consequently to predetermne the degree of pump displacement effected by energizing either plunger.

The gear pump 30 0 receives liquid from the sump through a connection 320 and discharges into a connection 321, which is permanently connected with the pipe 52 leading to the pilot valve 87 to be later described. The connection 321 has two branch leads 322 and 323 which lead to diarnetricallyA opposite points in a cylindrical valve housing 324 containing a. rotary valve 325 which controls communication between the gear pump 300 and the circuit fed by the variable displacement pump 306. Two branch leads 326 and 327 from Vdiametrically opposite points in the downwardly from chamber- 328 to achamber 332,

housed within the plunger c in the bottom of the valve housing, the lower end of passage 331 being closed by a pressure relief valve 333, loaded by a spring 333. The chamber 332 communicates with the intake connection 320 of the gear pump through a pipe 334. An open sided channel 335 extends upwardly from chamber 328 into the plane of leads 326 and 327.

The .valve is further provided with a transverse passage 33 6, above the chambers 328 and 329 and within the plane of leads 326 and 327 which when the valve 325 is in an intermediate position forms a direct connection between leads 326 and 327 to thus form a bypass connection between the connections 309 and 310 connected with the intake and discharge sides of the pump 306. Passage 336 terminates in laterally disposed extension cavities 337 and.338 which maintain communication with lead 326 or 327 during partial rotation of the valve from intermediate positlonkL An open sided channel 339 leading upwardly from chamber 329 -into the plane of leads 326 and 327 communicates with transverse e 336 through a pesage 340.

The valve 325 is actuated and controlled by a stem 341, rotatablein the post 308, and'carryf ing a pinion 342 which meshes with and is actuated by a rack -343 in= the form of a hollow plunger having piston heads 344 and 345 formedat the opposite ends thereof. Head 344lis tted y in a cylinder 346 communicating with pipe 48,

and nena 345 isntd in a. cylinder 347 cmmunicating with the pipe 49. A caged spring 348 A Y ts with a ma 349 anchcredrin the4 end head cylinder 347 to yieldably retain the plunger in the intermediate position of Fig. 27, in which position the valve 325 assumes the position shown in Fig. 28.@vll

With the valve 325 in the position shown hr Fig. 28 pipe 321, containing liquid under pressure from the gear pump 300, is connected to the connection 309, leading to the return sideof Y pump 306, through -the lead 322, chamber 329,A` channel 339, passages 340 and 336, extension 'cavity' 337, and lead 326; so that a column voi Iexcess liquid from the gear pump may force its Y 3 way past the valve 333 into the chamber 332, the tension in the spring 333 determining the pressure required to openvthe valve 333 and thus de termining the pressure maintained in pipe 321.

lead 326, and connection 309. Such is the posif tion and functiozfof valve 325 so long as there is no pressurejh control pipes 48 and 49.`

But whom-pipe 49 is exposed to pressure the rack 343 is shifted upwardly (Fig. 27) to thereby rotate valve 325 into the position shown in Figs. 29 and 30, in which position both leads 322 and 323 are open to the lead 326 through the chamber 329 and channel 339, so that the entire discharge from the gear pump passes through vlead 326 and connection 309 into the pipe 47 to therebylproduce a rapid flow therein, and liquid returning through pipe 46 and lead 327 forces its way back to the return side ofthe gear pump through chamber 328, passage, 331, relief valve 333, chamber 332, and pipe A334. Similarly when pipe 48 is exposed to pressure the rack 343 is shifted downwardly (Fig. 27) to thereby rotate the valve 325 into the rposition of'Fig. 31, in which'position both leads 322 and 323 are connected through channel 339 and lead 327 to the pipe 46 to eiect arapid flow of liquid therethrough, and liquid returning through pipe 47 nds its way back to the return side of the gear 331, chamber 332, and pipe 334. 'I'he liquid discharged from the gear pump 300 is thus directed the valve 325 is in the position shown in Fig. 28

the liquid dischargedv from the gear pump mere ly maintains a column of liquid under pressure in the lead 326 to thereby maintain the connection A309 substantially closed and ilooded with liquid under pressure, the pressure being determined by the relief valve 333 and particularly the tension in the spring 333' thereof. i During feed movements of the table the circuit including pipes 46 and 47 is energized by liquid supplied from the variable displacement pump 306, and during these feed movements the valve 325 remains in theposition shown inl Fig. 28. 'Ifo eiIect a slow feed movement pip 50 is exposed to pressure to thereby advance the plunger 314 and thus swing the arm 307 upward- Lv (Figs. 27 and 28) through a limited distance, whereupon the pump 306A discharges through connection 310 into pipe 46 causing liquid to ow slowly therethrough, and liquid returning through Pipe 47 passes directly through connection 309' to the intake side of the pump, the

pump through lead 326, chamber 328, passage -0 3 A 306 is increased .by exposing pipe 51 to pressure .to thereby advance the plunger-*315 and thus -toltwo pipes 54 and 55 leading to opposite ends, of the table cylinder 30, and from.` which a pipe;

56 leads to the lower rendV of. the lifting cylinder 27.

The valve 53 is shown in detail in Figures 5, 6, and 7. It comprises a block 57 having a cylindrical bore 58 therein, containing a substantially cylindrical valve element 59. A series of annular grooves 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 surround the b ore .58. Pipe 56 connects with groove 61 and pipes 46 and 47 connect with grooves 62 and 64, respectively. Grooves 63 and 65 are respectively connected with passages 66 and 67 leading upwardly from the valve block and connected with pipes 54 and 55. A pipe 68 connected with groove 60, communicates with a pipe 69 leading to a liquid reservoir in the base of the pump.

The valve element 59 contains a passage 71 terminating in ports 72 and 73 adapted to communicate with passages 66 and 67 respectively, when the valve element is in the position shown in Figure 6. The valve element also contains a relatively wide annular groove which is always open to the groove 64, communicating with pipe 47, and when the valve element is in the position shown in Fig. 5, groove 70 also communicates with groove 65 communicating with passage 67. A similar annular groove 74 is always open to groove 62, communicating with pipe 46, and with the valve in the position shown in Figure 6, groove 74 also communicates with groove 61, which is open to pipe 56. The left end of the valve is reduced, so that when the valve is in the position of Fig. 5, groove 61 is open to groove 60, and consequently communicates with the discharge pipe 68. A bore 75 in the upper end of the valve block intersects passages 66 and 67. A piston 76 within the bore 75 is yieldably held by a spring 77 in the position shown in Fig. 5, in which position reduced portions 78 and 79 thereof permit a free ow through the passages. When this piston 76 is shifted toward the left Into the full line position shown in Fig. 6, however, both passages 66 and 67 are blocked.

The valve element 59 is actuated and controlled by pistons 80 and 81 xed to the opposite ends thereof and mounted for reciprocation within bores 82 and 83, respectively, formed in the opposite end heads of the valve block 57. A passage 84 extending longitudinally thru the valve element 59 maintains communication between the inner ends ofthe bores 82 and 83. Pipes 85 and 86 communicate with the outer v ends of the bores 82 and 83, respectively. The

arrangement is such that when fluid pressure is applied to pipe 85 the valve element 59 is shifted into the position of Fig. 5 and when fluid pressure is applied to the pipe 86, the valve element is shiftedinto the position of Fig. 6. Any appropriate means such as a spring loaded ball 87 cooperating with grooves 88 and 89 in a stem 90 connected with piston 80, may be employed for releasably retaining the valve element in either position. A similar stem 91 connected with piston 81 may be provided with an appropriate handle 92', by which the valve element 59 may be shifted by the operator.

In some conditions of operation when no vertical feed movement of the table 20 is required, it is desirable that the valve element 59 be locked in the position shown in Fig. 5. For this purpose a plate 93 is mounted upon the end face of the valve. This plate is provided with an opening 94', thru which'the stem 90' may normally project when the valve is shifted toward the left.

By adjusting this plate upwardly, however, into the position shown in Fig. 7, so as to position the opening 94' out of alignment with the stem 90', the stem is blocked against outward movement.

The functioning of the valve 53 is substantially as follows: When the valve is in the position of Fig. 5, pipe 56, connected with the bottom of the vertical cylinder 27, communicates through grooves 61 and 60 with the discharge pipe 68 which leads to the liquid reservoir in the base of the pump casing, so that the piston 28 is at rest in its lowermost position. In this position of the valve pipe 47 from the pump communicateswith the pipe 55 leading to the left end of cylinder 30, through grooves 64 and 65 and passage 67; and pipe 46 communicates with pipe 54, leading to the right end of cylinder 30, through grooves 62 and 63 and passage 66. The connection 310, pipe 46, and pipe 54 thus form a closed passage between the discharge side of pump 306 and the right end of cylinder 30; and the pipe 55, pipe 47, and connection 309 form a closed passage between the left end of cylinder 30 and the intake side of the pump 306; so that the piston 29 is thus made to respond to the direction and rate of flow of liquid within the pipes 46 and 47. As above pointed out the valve 53 may be locked in this position by shifting the plate 93' into the dotted line position of Fig. 5, when no vertical feed movement of the table is required.

With the valve element 59 in the position of Figure 6 passage 71 therein, connects passages 66 and 67 so that the pipes 54 and 55, leading to the opposite ends of the cylinder 30, are short circuited and the piston 29 and table 201s at rest, although it may be moved by` the operator. To lock the piston 29 and table 20 against movement, the plunger 76 may be forced toward the left, into the full line position shown in this iigure, to thereby block the passages 66-and 67 and prevent the ilow of liquid in pipes 54 and 55. In this position of the valve element 59, groove 61 is cut oi from groove 60, and discharge pipe 68, and opened to groove 62 and pipe 46, so that liquid discharged by the pump thru pipe 46 is delivered into the bottom of the vertical cylinder 27, to raise the piston 28 and thereby raise the plunger 24, knee 16, and table 20.

'Ifhe pipes 85 and 86 which control the valv 53, as well as the pipes 48, 49, 50 and 51, which control the pump 44, are all controlled by an approprate pilot valve 87, fixed to the front tace of the saddle 18. As shown in Figures 4 and 14 to 19 this valve comprises a block having a longitudinal bore 88 with a series of annular grooves 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, and 95 formed in the internal surface thereof. Groove 89 communicates with pipe 49, groove 90 with pipe 52, groove 91 with pipe 85, groove 92 with pipe 50, groove 93 with pipe 86, groove 94 with pipe 51, and groove 95 with pipe 48. A valve element 96 in the form of a hollow plunger is mounted for lengthwise movement within the bore 88. The opposite ends of the bore 88 are open to each other through the plunger, and a passage 97 at one end of the bore is connected through a drain pipe 98 with the pipe 69 leading to the base of the pump casing. The plunger 96 is formed with a relatively Wide reduced portion 99, and a relatively narrow reduced portion 100, connected by a passage 101 in the plunger.

The groove 90 is maintained flooded with liquid under pressure supplied through pipe 52 from the pump. With the plunger 96 in the intermediate position of Figures 14 and 18 and groove 90 is closed by that portion of the plunger intermediate the` reduced portions 99 and 100. When the plunger 96 is shifted into the right extreme position of Figures 15 and 19 communication is established between grooves 90 and 91 through the reduced portion 99, and pressure is applied to pipe 85 to shift the valve 53 into the position of lFigure 5. In this position of the valve iluid pressure is also transmitted through the passage 101, the reduced portion 100, the grooves 94 and 95 and the pipes 51 and 48 to the cylinders 317 and 346 (Fig. 27) so that'the pump 306 is adiusted so as to deliver liquid at a relatively high rate and the valve 325 is adjusted to direct the output of both pumps through pipe 46, to the valve 53, and through this valve and pipe 54 to the right end of the cylinder 30, to cause the piston 29 and table 20 to travel towar the left at high speed.

When the plunger 96 is shifted into the position shown in Figure 16 fluid pressure is trans mitted from groove 90 through reduced portion 99, passage 101 and reduced portion 100 Vto grooves 93 and 94, and through them to the pipes 86 and 51, and the groove 95 is open to the drain pipe 98 to permit the spring 348 (Fig. 27) to return the valve 325 to its Fig. 28 position. Pressure thus applied to pipe 51 adjusts the pump 306 so that liquid is discharged therefrom at a relatively high rate but, since the gear pump 300 is at this time discharging past the relief valve 333, the pump unit 44 discharges liquid at a moderate rate through pipe 46. Pressure thus applied to pipe 86 shifts the valve 53 into the position of Figure 6, so that pipe 54 is closed to pipe 46 and the piston 29 comes to rest, and pipe 56 is opened to pipe 46 causing the piston 28 to rise at a moderate rate.

When the plunger 96 isshifted into the position shown in Figure -17 thegrooves 92 and 93 are open t the fluid pressure in reduced portion 100, so that the pressure in pipe 86 is maintained to hold the valve plunger 59 in its Fig. 6 position, and pressure is applied to pipe 50 to advance the plunger 314. At the same time, the groove 94 is opened to the drain pipe 98 to permit the arm 307 (Fig. 27) to be moved by its spring against the plungerv 314 to thereby reduce the rate of flow through pipes 46 and 56. The piston 28 will then continue its rise at a reduced rate.

In passing from the position of Figure 17 to thatof Figure 18 the plunger 96 assumes the position'shown in dotted lines in Figure 18, in which` position groove 91 is open to the pressure in re'- duced portion 100, and this pressure, transmitted through pipe 85, returns the -valve 53 into the position of Figure 5'so that pipe 56 is openedto the discharge pipe 68 and piston 28 lowers.

It will be noted from Figure 4 that pipes 85 Vand 86 are both Apermanently connected to the pipe 98 which leads to the drain pipe 69. 'Ihe discharge. of liquid from pipes 85 and 86 into the pipe 98 is restricted by any appropriate means such as coils 103 and 104 of capillary tubing. The arrangement is such that when pressure is applied through pipe 85 to the bore 82 fluid may escape slowly from bore 83 through pipe 86 and choke coil 104, so as to permit movement of the valve element 59 toward the right; and when pressure is applied l through pipe 86 to the bore 83, liquid may escape slowly from bore 82 through pipe 85 and choke position, it is unaffected by the pilot valve 87 vor by the pressure in pipes 85 or 86, and thus maintains a permanent connection between pipes 46 -and 54 and between pipes 55 and 47. with pipe 56 permanently disconnected therefrom, so that the piston 29 then moves in a direction and at a rate dependent upon the rate and direction of flow in y `pipes 46 and 47 and as determined by the position -of the pilot valve 87. The pilot valve 87 is placed under the joint control of mechanism which responds to the lengthwise movement of the table and mechanism which responds to the vertical movement of the table. This is accomplished in the machine shown by the use of a iloating lever I 105. The lever 105 is pivotally supported intermediate its ends upon a horizontal slide rod 106.

The upper end of the lever is operatively engagedy 2 through a trunnion-and-block connection 107 with a stem 106 connected with the plunger 96 f of the valve 87, and the lower end of the lever is connected in a similar manner with a horizon@v tal slide rod 109. Y

Rod 106 is operatively engaged through a trunnion-and-block connection 110- with-a horizontal arm 111, carried by a sleeve 112 mountedA loosely upon a vertical shaft 113, (see Figures V9 and 10) The shaft 113 is iixed in an appropriate bracketl 114 xed to the front of the saddle 18, at one side of the table 20. The sleeve 112 also carries an arm 115, having a handle 116 extending therefrom and mounted upon a horizontal pivot pin 117 fixed in` the end of arm 115. An arm 118projecting from, a second sleeve 119, also loosely mounted on the shaft 113, is normally engaged between upright pins 120 on the handle 116, so that the handle and arm 115 normally swings therewith. By swinging -the handle downwardly however on the pin 117,

the pins 120 may be swung clear of the arm 118, so as to disconnect the handle from. the arm 118. The sleeve 119 carries an arm 121 having an u right pin 122 operatively engaged with a sli e block 123 mounted for4 lengthwise reciprocation in a transverse guide 124 carried by the bracket 114, so that arms 121 and 118 are causedto swing Y in response to lengthwise movement ol.' block 123.A A compression spring 125 tends at all timesto force the block 123 toward theleft (Fig. 9). A vertical pin 126, rotatably mounted in the left end of the block, cooperates with a horizontal cam'- plate 127, can'ied by a bracket 128, xed to the side of the table 20. The cam plate 127, traveling with the table 20, controls 'the slide block 123, and thus normally controls the rod 106 through the Vmechanism iust described.

The form of the cam plate 127 is of course dependent uponthe character of the ,work to be .performed and for an ordinary milling operation requiring only longitudinal movement of the table the cam plate may a form similar to that described in the copending application hereinabove identined to automatically regulate the ner therein described. vIn Figures 1 and 2 the machine is shown operating upon a shaft a to to position point y beneath the cutter. After a keyway has been formed at point y the table will again be shifted to position point z beneath the cutter. The cam plate 127, shown in detail in Figure 12, is so shaped as to effect a rapid longitudinal movement of the table toward the left into these successive positions and to thereafter return the table into its starting position at the right. This particular cam plate is formed with a longitudinal groove 129 which opens at one end into a diagonal groove 130 having a flared open end 131. The front edge 132 of the plate is straight except for three notches 133, 134, and 135 formed therein. The other end of the groove 129 is open to the front edge of the plate through a cutaway portion 136. A gate in the form of a slide plate 137, mounted for lengthwise movement in a cavity 138 in the cam plate, normally projects across the diagonal groove 130, as indicated in full lines in Figure 12. A spring 139 yieldably retains the plate 137 in this position, but permits the same to be forced into the retracted position, indicated in dotted lines. f

The rod 109, hereinabove mentioned, is yieldably maintained in the position shown in Figures 14, 15, and 16, by a compression spring 140 and a dog 141 pivotally mounted upon a horizontal pin 142 anchored in a boss 143 formed on the face of the saddle 18. The dog 141 is provided with a notch 144 in the lower edge thereof adjacent a downwardly inclined tail 145, and the rod 109 carries a laterally projecting pin 146, for engagement in the notch. The dog is also provided with a nose 147 projecting upwardly therefrom into contact with the lower end 148 of a kicker lever 149, pivoted intermediate its ends upon a pin 150, anchored in a boss '151 formed on the front face of the saddle. The upper arm 153 ofthe lever 149, carries a spring loaded plunger 154 maintained in frictional contact with the front edge 155 of the bracket 128. (See Fig. 11.) The dog 141 is yieldably retained in either of the two positions shown in Figures 14 to 16, or Figures 18 and 19 by any appropriate means such as a spring loaded ball 156 within the nose 147 engageable with either of two sockets 157 or 158 formed in the face of the saddle.

The rod 109 is actuated by a lever 159 having a trunnion-and-block connection 160 therewith and splined on a rock shaft 161 supported in appropriate brackets 162 on the knee 16. (See Figs. 1 and 2). An arm/163 fixed to the shaft 161 carries a pin 164 which cooperates with a vertical cam plate 165 adjustably xed to the upright frame 10 of the machine. The cam plate 165 controls the vertical movement of the knee 16, saddle 18, and table 20 toward and from the cutter 13, and its form is dependent upon the character of work to be performed.

The vertical cam plate 165, shown in detail in Figure 13, is provided with a longitudinal groove 166 which opens at its upper end in a diagonal groove 167 having a ared open end 168. A second longitudinal groove 169 merges at its upper end into the iared end 168 of diagonal groove 167. The lower end of thecam plate is formed with a diagonal shoulder 170 leading toward the groove 166. A spring pressed gate 171, similar to gate 137, normally projects across the diagonal groove 167.

Provision is made in the machine shown fer accurately positioning and positively locking the table 20 in each of the successive positions into which it is longitudinally shifted. Mechanism for this purpose includes an indexing pin 172 supported in the bracket 114 and cooperating with a toothed bar 173 iixed to the bottom of the bracket 128, carried by the table. The indexing pin comprises a vertical plunger 174 having a tapered tooth 175 adapted to engage between successive teeth 175' of the bar 173. The plunger 174 is supported by a piston 176 mounted for vertical reciprocation in a cylinder 177, fixed to the bracket 114. The piston and plunger are yieldably retained in the lower, retracted position, shown in Figure 9, by a spring 178. A pipe 179 connects the lower end of the cylinder 177 with a passage 180, formed in the lower end head 181 of the vertical cylinder 27.

As shown in Figures 4 and 8, passage 180 communicates with an annular groove 182 surrounding a vertical bore 183 formed in the end head 181. A second passage 184 communicating with the bore 183 is connected through a pipe 185, with the pressure supply pipe 52 leading from the pump. A plunger 186 in the bore has a reduced portion 187 through which communication is established between passages and 184, when the plunger is in the elevated position of Figure 8. A spring 188 yieldably retains the plunger in this elevated position when the piston 28 is elevated. A head 189 on the lower end of the plunger limits the upward movement thereof. When the piston 28 is lowered it engages the upper end of the plunger 186 and forces it into the lower position of Figure 4, in which position the groove 182 is closed by the plunger, and passage 184 no longer communicates therewith. Communication is maintained between the cylinder 27 and the lower enlarged end 190 of the bore 183 through a longitudinal passage 191 through the plunger, by which trappingof fluid in the lower end of the bore is avoided. Radial ducts 192 leading from the passage 191 communicate with the groove 182, when the plunger is in the lower position of Figure 4. When the plunger is in the upper position of Figure 8 communication is broken between the ducts 192 and groove 182.

The upper end of the cylinder 27 is maintain ilooded with liquid under pressure, supplied through a pipe 193, which is connected with the pressure pipe'52 leading from the pump. The pressure thus maintained in the upper end of cylinder 27 insures prompt lowering of the piston 28, when pipe 56, connected to the lower end thereof is opened to the discharge pipe 68 by operation of the valve 53. A pipe 194, leading from the right end of the bore 75 in the valve block 57 is connected with the pipe 179,1eadlng to the indexing cylinder 177.

The arrangement is such that when the piston 28 is in the lower position of Figure 4, pipe 179 communicates through passage 180, groove 182, ducts 192, and passage 191 with the interior of the cylinder 27, so that when the valve element 59 of valve 53 is in the position of Figure 5, and pipe 56 is open to discharge pipe 68 no pressure exists in pipes 179 and 194, the indexing pin 172 is in retracted position, out of engagement with the bar 173, and the plunger 76 assumes the position of Figure 5. 'I'hen when the valve element 59 is shifted into the position of Figure 6, so as to open pipe 56 to the delivery pipe 46, liquid is transmitted under pressure to the lower end of. the vertical cylinder 27, and through pipes 179 and 194 to elevate the indexing pin 172 into engagement with the bar 173. and to shift the plunger 76 into the full line position of Figure 6.

communication through the passage 71, so that the pipes 54 and 55 leading to the opposite ends of the cylinder 30 are in open communication and the piston.29 and table 20 are free to move so as to permit the table to be accurately centered by the wedging action of the tapered tooth 175 between-successive teeth on the bar 173. To permitA this free centering action, the spring 77,

'acting on plunger 76, is preferably made somewhat stiffer than the spring 178, acting on the indexing pin', so that the plunger 76 will not be shifted into the position lof Figure 6, until the indexing pin has been engaged with and centered the bar. When the plunger 76 has been shifted into this position the passages 66 and 67 are blocked and the puni'p delivery is entirely isolated from the piston 29. The table is thus protected from lengthwise thrusts which might be caused by the pump, and is held accurately in position by the index pin.

'Ihe liquid pressure thus applied to the lower end of the cylinder 27 causes the piston 28 to rise, so as to elevate the knee 16, saddle 28, and table 20 ,toward the tool. I As this piston rises, plunger 186 rises into the position of Figure 8, to,thereby 'break communication between ducts 192 and groove 182 and to establish communication between thisgroove and passage 184. Pipes 179nand 194 vare thus exposed to the pressure in pipe 185, so that the indexing pin and plunger 76 are retained in table locking position.

When the valve element 59 of valve 53 is again shifted into the position of Figure 5, so as to open pipe 56 to the discharge pipe 68, the piston 28 lowers under the pressure of liquid maintained in pipe 193. The plunger 186, however, remains in the upper position of Figure, maintaining the indexing pin and plunger 76 in table locking po'- sition, until reengaged by the piston 28 as it appreaches its lowermost position. When this occurs, the plunger 86 is depressed and the'pipes 179 and 194 again opened to the pipe 56 through which the pressure therein is again destroyed. This causes the retraction of the indexing pin and the return of plunger 76 intothe position of Figure 5. It will thus be noted that the table 20 is thus securely locked against longitudinal movement .during its vertical movement toward and from the tool.

A description of a complete operating cycle of the machine Awill now be given. As above pointed out the pump is operated at substantially constant speed through the pulley 45. Before beginning an operating cycle the table 20 is ordinarily atl the right extreme position shown in Figure 4, with the piston'29 in the right end of cylinder 30 and the piston 28 in its (lowermost position. In this positionof the parts the pin126, carried by the'` slide block 123, is disposed withinv the diagonal groove 130 of the horizontal cam plate 127, as indicated-in full lines in Figure 12; and the arm 163 is in the position shown in Figure 13 with the pin 164 thereon disposed beneath the inclined shoulder 170 on the lower end of the vertical cam plate 165. With the pins 126 and 164 in these positions, the rods 106 and 109, floating `lever 105, valve stem 108, and plunger 96 of pilot of the pump control pipes 48 to 51 and pump displacement is zero.

To start the machine the operator, swings the handle 116 (Figs. 1, 3, 9 and 10) towarclthe left to retract the slide block 123 and thereby withdraw the pin 126 from .the diagonal groove 130 (Fig. 12). This movement of the handle 116 is transmitted t the rod 106, t0 shift the same longitudinally intothe position of Figure 15. The rod 109 is prevented from moving by the pressure of spring 140, so that the oating lever 105 swings toward the right about its'lower end as a fulcrum and shifts the plunger 96 into the full line position shown in this figure. As above pointed out the plunger 96 in this position connects the pressure pipe 52 with the pump control pipes 51 and r48 and with the pipe. 85, leading to valve 53, s that the valve element 59 is shifted into position of Figure 5, and the pump delivers liquid at a high rate through pipes 46 and 54 into the right end of cylinder 30. This causesthe piston 29 and table 20 to travel rapidly toward the left. During this movement -of the table liquid discharged from the left end of cylinder 30 returns to the pump through pipes 55 and 47.

After swinging the handle 116, the same is released by the operatorand the forward edge .132 of the cam plate 127 supports the pin 126 against the retracting pressure of spring -125 as the plate advances toward the left with the table 20. The table and cam plate then continue to advance, with the pin 126 riding against the edge 132, until point :c on the work is positioned immediately below the cutter 13, at which point the pin 126 drops into the notch 133. This lateral movement of the pin 126 into notch 133 is transmitted to the rod 106, to shift the same toward the left into the positions of Figure 16, thereby swinging the lever 105, and shifting the plunger -96 into the position shown in this ligure. During this movement the lower end of iioating lever 105 is compelled to act as a fulcrum by the engagement of pin 146 onthe rod 109 against notch 144 in dog 145. When the pilot valve plunger 96 reaches the position shown in Fig. 16, pipe 48 is opened to the drain and thereby permits the rotary valve '325 to assume the position shownrin Fig. 28 so that only the pump 306 delivers liquid into the pipe 46, pipe 85 is blocked and pipe 86 is opened to the'gear pump to cause the element 59 of valveV 53 to 'assume'the position shown in Fig. 6 and'close communication between pipes 46 -and 54 to thereby bring the table 20 to rest and to open communication between pipes 46 and 56 to thereby direct liquid to the cylinder 27, and

pipe 51 remains open to the gear pump to keep the pump 306 at long stroke and thereby cause the pump unit to deliver liquid at a moderate rate w liquid thusdelivered to the vertical cylinder also causes the piston 28 to rise and the knee 16, saddle 18 and table 20 travel upwardly at a moderate rate, until the pin 164 strikes the inclined shoulder 170 on the vertical cam plate 165 and` is shifted laterally into the groove 166 therein.

This lateral movementv of pin 164 is transmitted through the arm 163, shaft 161, and lever 159 to the rod 109, and shifts this rod toward the right into the position of Figure 17. The rod 106 remains xed so that the lever 105 is thus swung counter-clockwise about its center, and shifts the plunger 96 further toward theleft into the position shown in this figure. In this position of plunger 96 pressure is destroyed in pipe 51 and established in pipe 50, so that the rate of flow of liquid through pipes 46 and 56 is reduced, and

the table continues to rise toward the cutter at a reduced rate, appropriate for a cutting feed. The table continues to rise at this reduced rate until the desired depth of cut has been attained, the upward movement of the table being limited by a positive stop in the form of a screw 196, adjustably mounted in an appropriate bracket 197, ad-

'justably fixed to the upright frame 10 of the maypast the gate 171, and the gate snaps back into the position shown in Figure 13, and prevents re-entry of the pin 164 into the vertical groove 166. This lateral movement of pin 164 is transmitted to and through rod 109, so that the lever 105 is again swung about its center and the plunger 96 shifted into the dotted line position of Figure 18. In this position of plunger 96, the pressure is maintained in pipe 50, while pipe is again exposed to the pressure in pipe 52 and the pipe 86 is blocked to cause the valve element 59 of valve 53 to be returned to the position of Figure 5. The actual shifting of valve element 59 occupies an appreciable, though brief,

time interval, subsequent to the shifting of plunger 96. During this interval the 'pin 198 stalls against the stop screw 196, the cam plate 165 being so adjusted on the lframe 10 of the machine as to complete the shifting of the plunger 96, immediately prior to the engagement of this pin and screw. Then when the valve element reaches the position of Figure 5, pipe 56 is opened to drain pipe 68 and the piston 28 lowers rapidly, under the pressure in pipe 193.

In order to guard against excessive pressures when the upward feed is arrested by the engagement of pin 198 against screw 196, a high pressure relief valve 199 of appropriate form may be connected at any suitable point in the system. In this instance vthe relief valve 199 is shown connected to pipe 46 and arranged to discharge into pipe 47.

As the piston 27 and table 20 start down the pin 164 is forced further toward the right into the groove 169, this movement being transmitted through rod 109, so as to shift the plunger 96 into the neutral full line position of Figure 18. Pump displacement is thereby reduced 'to zero and the flow of liquid in pipe 46 ceases.- Thereafter the pin 164 follows the groove 169, until it passes out of the lower end thereof. When the pin 164 clears the groove 169, the spring 140 forces the rod 109, andlever 159, into the extreme left position of Figure 19, the pin 164 being swung into the dotted position shown at the extreme left in Figure 13. This causes the lever to swing clockwise about its center, and the plunger 96 is shifted thereby into the right extreme of Figure 19, which corresponds to the position shown in Figure l5. Pipes 48 and 5l are thus again exposed to the pressure in pipe 52 and the pump again delivers liquid at a rapid rate through pipes 46 and 54 into the right end of the cylinder 30, so that the table begins a second rapid lengthwise movement toward the left.

Just before the pin 164 has been released from the lower end of groove 169, however, the piston 28, in its downward travel, engages the plunger 186 and depresses the same, so as to open pipes 179 and 194 to the cylinder 27, to thereby release the pressure therein. The'indexing pin 172 is thus retracted from the bar 173, and the plunger 76 is thus returned to the position of Figure 5, and the table 20 is lfree to renew its lengthwise travel just mentioned.

Upon renewed movement of the table 20, with its horizontal cam plate 127, the pin 126 is forced laterally out of the notch 33, and again follows the forwardfedge 132 of the cam plate. This lateral movement of the pin 126 is transmitted to the rod 106 to shift the same toward the right from the position of Figure 19 to that of Figure 15, the plunger 96 retaining the same position, and the lever 105 rocking counter-clockwise about its upper end and returning the rod 109 to the position of Figure 15.

It will be noted that as the rod 109 is shifted toward the right from the position shown in Figure 16 to that of Figure 18, the dog 141 is swung upwardly by the engagement of the pin 146, on rod 109, against the tail on the dog. As above pointed out the dog is yleldably retained in this elevated position by the engagement of a spring loaded ball 156 within a socket 157 in the face of the saddle 18. In this elevated position of the dog the rod 109 and pin 146 are permitted to assume the extreme left position of Figure 19. Upon movement of the table 20 toward the left, the frictional contact between the forward edge of the bracket 128, carried thereby, and the plunger 154, carried by the upper arm 153 ofthe kicker lever 152, urges the lever 152 to swing in a counter-clockwise direction, 'so the lower arm 148 of the lever presses toward the right against the nose 147 of the dog 141. As soon, therefore, as the rod 109 is shifted from the position of Figure 19 into that of Figure l5, the kicker lever 152 returns the dog 141 into the lower position of the gure, so that rod 109 is again locked against movement toward the left.

The table 20 and cam plate 127 continue movement at a rapid rate toward the left, with the pin 126 following the forward edge 132 of the plate, until point y of the work arrives beneath the cutter 13, at which point the pin 126 shifts into the notch 134 of the cam plate. The cycle of operations, yset inw motion by the entry of pin 126 in notch 133, is then repeated, lengthwise movement of the table being interrupted while it is being raised and lowered toward and from the cutter, under the control of the vertical cam 165. Upon renewed lengthwise movement of the table the pin 126 again follows the edge 132 of the horizontal cam plate until point z on the work arrives beneath the cutter, at which point V the pin 126 shifts into the notch 135. At this point lengthwise movement of the table is again interrupted and the vertical feed cycle again repeated. Upon renewed lengthwise movement of the table the pin 126 lifts out of the noten 135 and then passes laterally through the cut away portion 136 to the groove 129. This lateral move- 

